Class Test on Micro Economics Essay

i) All questions in this section are compulsory ii) Marks for questions are indicated against each iii) Answers for very short answer questions carrying 1 mark must be answered in ONE sentence each iv) Answers for short answer questions carrying 3 marks each should not normally exceed 60 words v) Answers for short answer questions carrying 4 marks each should normally not exceed 70 words vi) Answers for long answer questions carrying 6 marks each should not normally exceed 100 words each. vii) Answers should be brief and to the point – The above word limits should be adhered to as far as possible. 1. Name the characteristic which make monopolistic competition different from perfect competition[1] 2. Why is demand for water inelastic?[1] 3. State one feature of oligopoly[1] 4. In which market form is the demand perfectly inelastic?[1] 5. Distinguish between increase in demand and increase in quantity demanded[3] 6. Goods X and Y are substitutes. Explain the effect of a fall in price of Y on the demand for X.[3] 7. At a price of Rs. 5 per unit of a commodity A, total revenue is Rs 800. When its price rises by 20%, total revenue increases by Rs. 400. Calculate its rice elasticity of demand[3] 8. Explain the implication of freedom to entry and exit of firms under perfect competition[3] 9. Given below is the cost schedule of a firm. Its average fixed cost is Rs 20 When it is producing 3 units. |Output |1 |2 |3 | |Average Variable cost (Rs.) |30 |28 |32 | Calculate its marginal cost and average total cost at each given level of output.[3] 10 Explain the features of â€Å"What to produce† OR Explain any two main features of centrally planned economy.[4] 12. When the price of a commodity falls by Rs. 2 per unit, its quantity demanded increases by 10 units. Its price elasticity is (-)1. Calculate its quantity demanded on its equilibrium price.[4] 13. Explain the effect of increase in income of buyers of a normal commodity on its equilibrium price.[4] 14. State whether the following statements are true or false: Give reasons for your answer (a) When total revenue is constant, average revenue will be constant. (b) Average variable cost can fall even when marginal product is rising (c) When marginal product falls, average product will also fall.[6] 15. Explain the law of variable proportions with the help of total and marginal product curves. [6] 16 Explain producers equilibrium with the help of a marginal cost and marginal revenue schedule [6]

Madonna Case Study

Question 1 Described and explain the strategy being followed by Madonna in term of the explanation of competitive strategy given in Chapter 6. Answer 1 Table 2: Bowman’s strategy clock Based on the Bowman’s strategy clock above, we identify strategies been used in her albums through the years below; Lucky Star 1982 Trashy pop – lace tops, skirts over capri pants, fishnet stockings, jewelry bearing the Christian cross, and bleached hair. Young wannabe girls, dovetailing from fading disco to emerging ‘club scene’influential among young girls and women 1. ‘No frills’ – combines a low price, low perceived product/service benefits and a focus on a price- sensitive market price Like a Virgin- Like a Prayer(first number one album on the U. S. lbums chart) 1984 Originally a Marilyn glamour image, then became a saint and sinner She performed the song at the first MTV Video Music Awards – trademark â€Å"Boy Toy† belt and cruc ifix jewelry More grown-up rebellious fan base, more critical female audience and male worshippers – featured role in â€Å"Desperately Seeking Susan† – embarked on her first concert tour in the U. S. in 1985 titled The Virgin Tour, with the Beastie Boys. 2. Low price – risk of price war and low margins; need to be cost leader Vogue Erotica Bedtime Stories (eighth U. S. umber-one single -Academy Award-winning song) 199019921994 Erotic porn star, sadomasochistic, sexual control, more minelli in Cabaret than Monroe signed an endorsement deal with soft drink manufacturer Pepsi debuted her new song, â€Å"Like a Prayer†, in a Pepsi commercial and also made a music video for it. Peculiar mix of target audiences: gay club scene, 1990s’ women taking control of their own lives, also pure male titillation -Madonna's first publication Sex, a book consisting of sexually provocative and explicit images – caused media controversy but sold 500,000 copies in the U.S. 3. Hybrid – seeks simultaneously to achieve differentiation and a price lower than that of competitors Something to Remember Evita (won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for Best Original Song From a Motion Picture also won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy) 1995 Softer image, ballads preparing for glamour image of Evita film role Broadest audience target, picking up potential film audiences as well as regular fan base – designed to appeal to the mature audience that would be the target of Evita. Most conventional image.Max Factor later used this mixture of Marilyn and Eva Peron to market its glamour image 4. Differentiation – seek to provide products or services that offer benefits that are different from those of competitors and that are widely valued by buyers. Ray of Light – (U. S. top 5 singles – won three Grammy Awards – won a Grammy for â€Å"Best Short Form Music Video. â€Å") 1998 E arth mother, Eastern mysticism, dances music fusion – album influenced by electronica, techno, and trip-hop, thereby updating her classic dance-pop sound for the late '90s. â€Å"Most adventurous record. â€Å") Clubbing generation of the 1990s, new cohort of fans plus original fan base of now 30somethings desperately staying trendy – used by Microsoft in its advertising campaign to introduce Windows XP. 5. Focus differentiation – strategy seeks to provide high perceived product/service benefits justifying a substantial price, usually to a selected market segment (niche) Music 2000 Acid rock, tongue in cheek Miss USA/cow girl, cool Britannia – having a video which depicts murders by car, was banned by MTV and VH1.Managing to hit the changing club scene and 30-something Brits – starred in the film Swept Away a commercial and critical failure and released straight-to-video in the UK. 6. Increased price/standard value – higher margins if comp etitors do not follow; risk of losing market share American Life 2003 Militaristic image Che Guevara Anti-consumerism of American dream – Madonna kissed the heirs to her throne, Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera — and then got the two of them to make out with each other.Unclear audience reliant on existing base – sold 4 million copies, the lowest selling album of her career. The release of Madonna's successful children's book, -The English Roses, which was followed by several more novels in future years. 7. Increase price/low price – only feasible in monopoly situation Confession on a Dance Floor 2005 Retro-1980’s disco imagery, high-motion dance-pop sound Strong gay-icon audience, pop-disco audience, dance-based audience – radio stations were boycotting Madonna's singles because she publicly spoke of disapproval against the war n Iraq. 8. Low value/standard price – loss of market share Hard Candy (Most successful release from the album, reaching #1 in twenty-seven countries worldwide including the United World Chart and becoming one of Madonna's biggest-selling singles. ) 2008 ‘M by Madonna' clothes collection, which was designed by Madonna for H&M consist of classic designs and accessories which reflect Madonna’s timeless, unique and always glamorous style. Madonna sliced away at genre straightjackets like a surgeon, opening the doors for the future hip-hop explosion. U. S. Canada, North & South America and European concert tour â€Å"Sticky and Sweet† in promoting her new album – Madonna's adding a new twist to a whole new distribution model the mobile handset Samsung and Sony Ericson. Focus differentiation – strategy seeks to provide high perceived product/service benefits justifying a substantial price, usually to a selected market segment (niche) Madonna’s new album Hard Candy 2008 has rebuild her strategy from ultimate failure to focused differentiation as her new album has an urban vibe, while remaining a dancepop record at heart.Stuart Price, the producer of Confessions on a Dance Floor, described the new album as moving in an urban direction. It had initially been defined as having â€Å"a lot of producers from a lot of genres in there. † The Sun proclaiming that â€Å"it could be her most ambitious project yet†, while The New York Times reviewed the album as â€Å"a set of catchy, easily digestible, mass-appeal songs†. (Wikipedia 2008) Question 2 Why has she experienced sustained success over the past two decades?Answer 2 For stay maintaining in entertainment industry Madonna has use a ways of attempting to sustain advantage through differentiation ; Create difficulties of imitation – Factors that can make strategies difficult to imitate. ? Music genre Madonna always changed her music genre in her new album and her music genre never been the same genre from one album with other album. For example in her ear ly career the music genre her bring is Trashy pop and for current album the genre was urban vibe. Targeted audiences Madonna always set her target audience with her new album release in market and her target audience is different for each album. For example in album Ray of Light her target audience was Clubbing generation of the 1990s and for album Confession on a Dance Floor the target was Strong gay-icon audience. ? Style or Image Madonna style and image always changed with her new album release in market and not many celebrities willing to do the same thing with Madonna because its take a higher cost.For example that we can give here about Madonna style or image is in her album name Music here image was Acid rock, tongue in cheek Miss USA/cow girl and in album Like a Virgin like a Prayer her image is originally a Marilyn glamour image. ? Trademark The trademark of Madonna was her dance, which is her dance for all albums is different from one and other and for all album Madonna ha s set her own dance. For example in album Ray of Light the dance step was a classic dance pop and for album hard candy the dance step is more to hip hop. Sex appeal As what we know Madonna like to show her sex appeal to public and it’s was her attraction to make her fans buy her album or watch her movie. Her sex appeal is hard to imitate by other celebrity because her has her own persona of sex appeal that other artist didn’t has and also Madonna really confident with her sex appearances in public. Create a situation of imperfect mobility – The capabilities that sustain differentiation cannot be traded. Her self Something that cannot being change or imitate by other celebrity is Madonna voice. Even her now already 25 years in entertainment industry but she still can maintain her vocal establish and didn’t has any singer have a similar voice like Madonna, ever her singing style also cannot be imitate by other singer and it never change until now. ? Tradema rk As we know Madonna trademark was her dance, and Madonna dance step is difference from other celebrity because it has an own style and persona while her dance.Madonna and dance is something that we cannot change because Madonna started her career in entertainment industry with dance and until now she still with her interesting in dance. ? Sex appeal Sex and Madonna is one of the thing that we cannot change because Madonna always come out with her sexuality story in media and it’s like something compulsory to Madonna in this entertainment industry. Most of Madonna fans also know her because of her sex appeal story and not because her talent in music.Establish a lower cost position – Competitors can allow an organization to sustain better margins that can be reinvested to achieve and maintain differentiation. ? Album All Madonna album was receive a good feed back from her fans and most of her albums are sold more than what she expected because a price of her album was an affordable and anybody can buy it. Not just that, the quality of her album also appropriate with the price given and make her fans feel satisfied. Tour / Concert In all Madonna tour most of the ticket is sold out and it’s proving to us that Madonna concert get an excellent reception from her fans. Her ticket price also affordable and the place divided also make all her fans can watch her performances in suitable situation. Not just that, Madonna basically has a surprise to her fans in her performance. Question 3 What might threaten the sustainability of her success? Answer 3 There have several factors that can be threatening the sustainability of Madonna successful in entertainment industry and the factor is: ?Her own self Her own self can be the biggest threat for her future career in show business because with her habit like to present the controversy in media will arrive the negative impact for her in long term. After 25 years in music industry she always makes the nega tive controversy and it will make the fans keep bored with the bad story about their idol. If that happen, Madonna career also will goes down and it’s hard for her to wake up again after that. ? Criticism Madonna gets too many criticisms along her career because of the controversy that her always make when her new album need to release in market.Maybe for her it’s just the trick to promote her new song and just a part of her marketing strategy, but for the other parties who give the critic to her will feel that Madonna is wrong icon for them because don’t know how to care her fans sensitivity. ? New artists with new talents Now days too many new talent or star came out in entertainment industry and it will give bad impact to Madonna because most of the new generation likes to watch and give their support to new artists compare than the oldies.Most of the new artist now has a new talent that we can’t see from the previous evergreen generation. So that Mado nna should work harder to make sure her reputation will not go down and can become a diva forever. ? Reality shows The reality show also can be the biggest threat for Madonna in music industry because of too many reality shows playing in television now and the contestant for the program also has a big talent and their idea also new and fresh. When the new talented star will come out from that reality shows, it will give pressure to Madonna to stay in entertainment industry for a long term. Sex appearances Madonna and sex appeal is synonym in entertainment industry because her always like to show her sex appearance to public more compare to promoted her album or films. Most of her story in magazine or from paparazzi is about her sex appeal is too much and have a one time her well known as a sex icon more than a singer or movie star and it’s can become a threats to her because her sex story more than her album or movie story. ? Competitor As we know all celebrity has their own competitor in entertainment industry and it’s goes same to Madonna.For her latest competitor in music industry was a Britney Spears. It is because Britney and Madonna do a come back in music industry almost in the same time and when the time that downfall of Madonna, Britney also face the same situation as Madonna. Not just that, Madonna and Britney also well known as a celebrity who like to do a controversy and always come out with their sex appearance in public. Conclusion Madonna rocketed to stardom so quickly in 1984 that it obscured most of her musical virtues.Appreciating her music became even more difficult as the decade wore on, as discussing her lifestyle became more common than discussing her music. However, one of Madonna's greatest achievements is how she manipulated the media and the public with her music, her videos, her publicity, and her sexuality. Arguably, Madonna was the first female pop star to have complete control of her music and image. Madonna named al so list as a one of People Magazine's '50 Most Beautiful People of 1991†², and '25 Most Intriguing People of 2001†².It is because Madonna has her own Image, music genre and targeted audiences for each albums that been produced in market. She also was the first global brand name to make content delivered to mobile phones seem downright dope. Not just for consumers in Asia and Europe, who'd long been exposed to any number of mobile content and marketing campaigns, but to mobile newbie’s who just happen to be the ultimate arbiters of pop culture cool: America's teenagers. Madonna has been dubbed â€Å"one of the greatest pop acts of all time† and dubbed â€Å"The Queen of Pop† by some media.She is ranked by the Recording Industry Association of America as the best-selling female rock artist of the twentieth century and the second top-selling female artist in the United States with 63 million certified albums. Guinness World Records list her as the world's most successful female recording artist of all time and the top-earning female singer in the world with an estimated net worth of over US$400 million, having sold over 200 million records worldwide. On March 10, 2008, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

International Business - Essay Example The perspective of the uncle in regards to other nations taking jobs away from the American workers seems to be very truthful based on the effects of off-shoring. Companies in a lot of non-technological industries that require manual labor have left the United States in search of lower labor costs. It is impossible for the United States to compete in terms of labor cost with places such as China which pays its manufacturing workers less than 50 cents an hour. Products that are produced in Mexico such as Corona Extra beer have lower production costs than American made products. These products are flooding the US marketplace with cheaper goods which is hurting the competitiveness of the domestic industries. The jobs in America depend on the success of companies that produce in the United States. International trade has different costs and benefits. One of the most important benefits of international trade is that it lowers the prices of goods in the marketplace. Some countries have com petitive advantages in certain industries which enables them to produce certain goods at lower prices. International trade protects countries against protectionism from elsewhere (Southerncenter). Another advantage of international trade is that it fosters international growth. ... The use of outsourcing helps companies stay in business which is protecting jobs in America. Lower prices are achieved in the consumer markets due to the use of international trade. Countries are able to establish political ties with other countries by becoming trading partners. The use of international trade helps the global economy achieve growth. Overall the perspective of the uncle is too one sided. The uncle is looking at the problem from only one dimension. International trade can have an adverse effect in the job creation in America, but only in certain industries. From a social perspective international trade is helping a lot of poor countries improve the state of their economies. A transnational model is used to characterize MNEs that attempt to achieve high global integration with high local responsiveness (Aboy). These companies utilize a network business structure instead of company divisions. The use of the transnational model can provide companies with competitive advan tages in a variety of business functions. The strategic plans of a company should focus on finding ways to become more efficient by adapting to the needs of the marketplace. Transnational companies realize that the domestic market in which they participate represents an important market opportunity. The marketing function of transnational corporations is not standardized. These companies have to customize their marketing efforts based on the unique attributes of the market in which they participate. Depending on the location these firms must utilize bilingual marketing campaigns. To achieve the goal of obtaining high local responsiveness transnational firms must perform recurrent market research to learn about the tendencies and changing taste of the customers

Film Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Film Analysis - Essay Example The preceding events claimed thousands of lives in disasters that are both natural and technological hazards. The disaster does not stop at the actual occurrence of the gas leak, the hurricane, or the tsunami. The true catastrophe sets in with the letdown of those at fault and the government agencies who failed to address the situation of the people left by the grueling devastation. The Bhopal gas leak in India occurred when a 15-year old plant released one of the most toxic chemical known to man, the MIC or Methyl isocyanate. Failing with the three safety measures that could have prevented it because of cost-cutting, 3,000 people died within hours and 300,000 more exposed on December 3, 1984. This video led me to realize that technological hazard as discussed could have catastrophic results when not taken seriously. There was poor regulation of the plant and as one of the people interviewed said, there was a problem because they weren’t able to flush water out for about 20 days, meaning there was a leak, but there was no report about it. In a country like India where a multi-national corporation such as Union Carbide sets up shop, it was also evident that there was no government accountability. CEO Warren Anderson got off virtually scot-free by paying $470M or approximately $600 per victim. He was arrested and detained luxuriously and once he posted bai l he immediately flew out of India. To this day many people are still suffering the effects of the exposure and there is nothing anyone is doing about it. This is the real tragedy that lingers on for decades (â€Å"Seconds From Disaster: Bhopal Nightmare,† 2014). In When the Levees Broke, Spike Lee chronicles the events and the lives of the 2005 Hurricane Katrina victims in New Orleans and the gulf states of Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana and Florida. The most devastated, New Orleans, suffered due to its geographical location as a

WEEK 6 LEADERSHIP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WEEK 6 LEADERSHIP - Essay Example The goal is not to eliminate feelings from the decision-making process. The more the decision maker knows about the decision-making process, the more the intuition (Parker, & Begnaud, 2004). In most cases, great decision makers are great leaders. Leadership entails dealing with people and making decisions that affect the organization. If a leader is not a good decision maker, organizational progress may be hampered. i. Directive style: this involves decision makers with low ambiguity tolerance. The decision-making style is rational, efficient, and employs a logical way of thinking. The style focuses on the short-term and rushes in making decisions. ii. Analytic style: the style has higher ambiguity tolerance. It involves careful decision-making that is well informed. It includes a thorough assessment of the options. The style involves coping with challenging situations (Parker, & Begnaud, 2004). I mainly use the analytic decision-making style. Before making a decision, I try to understand all the issues in depth and conduct a thorough assessment of the available alternatives. I think that some decision-making styles are better suited for public safety leaders that for CEOs of large companies. The behavioral style is best suited for public safety leadership because it entails consideration of all the parties involved in the decision-making process. A Chief Executive Officer of a popular company needs to employ the analytic style to ensure that the process impacts on the organization even in the

THE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

THE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR - Essay Example After the First Crusade reclaimed Jerusalem on July 15, 1099, people were pouring in pilgrimage to the Holy Land. This multitude including wealthy pilgrims was the grand attraction to thieves. Surprise attacks along the roads were inevitable and a group of knights proposed to establish a troop that would ensure the safety of the travelers to Jerusalem. One of the knights was Count Hugh of Payns, a knight from the First Crusade. At this proposal, King Baldwin II of Jerusalem permitted Hugh of Payns and Godfrey of Saint-Omer along with other knights to stand guard along the roads to Jerusalem and were eventually recognized by the Council of Troyes as one of the orders of the Latin Church in 1129. The forefathers of this order were Hugh of Payns, Godfrey of Saint-Omer, Roland, Godfrey Bisol, Payen of Montdidier, and Archambaut of Saint-Armand. Hugh of Payns and Godfrey of Saint-Omer’s troop of knights were named The Knights of the Temple of Solomon of Jerusalem. They were named a fter the place where they requested the king to grant them as their official headquarters, the Temple of Solomon. The Knights of the Temple of Solomon of Jerusalem or the Knights Templar followed the Latin Rule, a set of codes which was formulated by Hugh of Payns in 1129 guided by Bernard of Clairvux. In this set of codes, the knights were to follow certain rules regarding their authorities, their garb, rituals on the death of their members, practices on giving alms, duration on standing on foot, on what to eat, the manner on reading, manners on dining, when to sleep, when to rise from sleep, how to coexist with fellow members, prohibitions on clothing, recommended materials of their clothing, the allowed number of pieces of clothing, what kind of shoes to wear, how to groom their hair, how to treat their servants, the number of allowed horses, prohibitions regarding bridles, spurs, spears and shields, on kinds of bags or trunks, on

The Yengishiki(Shintoism) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Yengishiki(Shintoism) - Essay Example The prayers are used in the text to reflect the intertwinement of the spiritual nature and feelings of the Shinto people. In fact, the text begins by a prayer, â€Å"I declare in the presence of the sovereign gods of the Harvest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"The Yengishiki† par. 1). The article reveals that in Shinto culture, there is no absolute right or wrong and nobody is perfect. The article also shows that Shinto is not a pessimistic faith as they view human beings to be fundamentally good and that evils are caused by evil spirits. From the article, it can also be seen that the main purpose of the majority of rituals used in the text is to keep evil spirits at bay through prayers, purification, and offerings to Kami, their ancestor. The Harvest Rituals The harvest rituals are basically a form of religious rituals of the ancient culture of the Shinto people. The harvest rituals were performed by the Shintos as a way of thanking the gods for enabling them to have a bounty harvest. The culture of the Shinto required that a harvest ritual be celebrated on the fourth day of the second month every year at the office, where people would gather and worship the gods of Shintos. This was also expected to be practices down at the local administrative provinces by chiefs. The text, however, does not reveal who exactly the harvest gods were; instead, they are only specified as Kojiki. It appears that it is a common practice among the Shintos to offer the first fruits obtained from harvest to Kojiki (â€Å"The Yengishiki† par. 1). The Ritual for the Wind-Gods The ritual for the wind gods is a form of ritual which was performed by the Shinto people by giving offerings to their god to stop the bad winds and rough waters from destroying their properties and belongings. The rituals are performed alongside prayers declared before the wind god, whom they believe to fulfill his praises at Tatsuta. Unlike in the Harvest ritual, where the first fruits are sacrificed to the gods, here it is five sorts of grains, herbs, and leaves that are offered. Other things offered during the ritual include clothing of all sorts: bright, glittering, soft and coarse (â€Å"The Yengishiki† par. 2). Fire Rituals The fire rituals, according to the Shintos, are performed to the gods for purification purposes. They believe that once someone has done wrong, he is supposed to undergo purification before he can be allowed to fit into the society. This is mainly done with the help of the priest as people praise the god at a designated place. The different forms of offerings given include cloths which are bright, soft, and rough as well as other five different things, mainly aquatic things (â€Å"The Yengishiki† par. 7). The Ritual for Evil Spirits Shintos believe that evils are the works of the evil spirits. They also believe that diseases and catastrophes are caused by the evil spirit. Therefore, when such happens, a special ritual known as the ritual for the evil spirit is to be performed by giving offerings to the gods so as to chase the evil spirits away from the society. Different forms of offerings were given to gods such as cloths, beer, swords, a horse, and both sweet and bitter herbs, among items (â€Å"The Yengishiki† par. 10). The Road-Gods' Ritual This form of ritual is mainly performed in the presence of the priest who recites a prayer to the gods as an

Assignment 2 Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Assignment 2 Case study - Essay Example Nurses are becoming overworked and underpaid and more often than not, this burnout will eventually lead to a bigger issue – an increase in medical errors and a decreased quality of health care services. This paper shall discuss the issue of nurse burnout and stress, including its causes and its effects. This paper shall also attempt to come up with appropriate solutions to this issue in the hope of effectively applying leadership skills and patient-centred solutions. Burnout or stress often manifests in various ways. But the most common manifestations include the following: insomnia, fatigue that does not go away with sleep, colds, headaches, backaches, nausea, allergies or difficult breathing, and skin problems (Sahota & Bruin, 2009). Symptoms of burnout may also include chronic exhaustion, frustration, anger, depression, irritability, cynicism, bitterness, and negative feelings towards colleagues and other people in general (Sahota & Bruin, 2009). These manifestations of burnout are also sometimes seen by patients as they are at the opposite end of such negative feelings. In an article by Fagin, et.al. (2006), authors discuss that many nursing graduates being initially fielded in the hospitals experience severe burnout in the first two years of their work most especially because of heavy workloads. A major paper conducted on the subject matter covered 225 junior hospital nurses working in different hospitals in Ontario and the study was able t o establish that about 66% of these nurses were experiencing burnout, emotional exhaustion and even depression (Laschinger, as quoted by Fagin, et.al., 2006). In the study, nurses were also one in expressing that work overload, unfair workplaces, poor relationships with other staff, and weak leadership cause nurse burnout. This burnout among new graduates has a potentially heavier effect on nurses because these

Citrus Electronics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Citrus Electronics - Essay Example Product delivery entails getting the products to the various customers. This calls for the creation of distribution channels that provide an orderly way of getting the products to various target customers. Delivery and distribution channels provide logistics, transactional efficiency, and facilitate customer satisfaction after they receive their purchases (Ross, 2004). Creation of a local dealer network is necessary for customers who require personalized services from Citrus Electronics as it saves time and costs for both the company and the customer. Selling directly to customers through an e-commerce website and use of a shipment programme can also be used. Developing a specialized sales team that deals directly with customers will establish preferred delivery systems thus enhance customer satisfaction. At the end of sales and purchasing processes, the relationship between the customer and Citrus Electronics is barely over. This is because functions such as repair and maintenance need to be provided by the company for a while longer. As a young company, Citrus Electronics should regard after-sales service as a significant element of enhancing the customer’s trust in the company’s products. As a way of improving after-sales services, company technicians and experts should be available to the customers whenever needed even if it means they have to travel long distances.

Forage grazing system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Forage grazing system - Essay Example Naturally, livestock animals like cattle, sheep, goats and horses live by forage utilization because their digestive system allow them to gain energy and other valuable nutrients (Murphy, 2005). The most efficient way for these livestock to consume forage is to allow them to graze. Nevertheless, an appropriate grazing system is necessary for effective and efficient grazing. Developing a rotational grazing is the most effective way to maximize forage utilization as well as consumption on a limited piece of land. According to W.D. Pitman (2010), paddock grazing refers to a grazing management system whereby livestock is grazed in a rotational manner in a large number of paddocks. Depending on the size of the paddock and the number of animals grazing, a paddock may be used for a number of days before animals are moved to the next paddock. Although it is very intensive, it allows the farmer to prepare adequately in and out of the season. Routinely, rotational grazing takes up to 30 days. This allows the farmer to match the nutritional needs of the animals with the availability of feeds (forage). Rotational grazing will ensure that forage stock are not re-grazed or overgrazed on a particular cycle. This is advantageous to the farmer since it breaks the life-cycles of parasites and other pests. Farmers save a lot of money that could otherwise be used for livestock management. Rotational grazing also allows the farmer to allocate small portions of the land for conservation of grass (silage of hay) especially where growth of grass has gone beyond livestock requirements (United States. Bureau of Land Management. Idaho State Office, 2007). Increased production: - use of modern farm machinery and skills help to increase farm yields. It avails all the resources to the farmer that aids in all operations. For instance, the use of irrigations, farm machineries ensures that the farmer has

Peer Pressure Essay Example for Free

Peer Pressure Essay According to Took (2007), making decisions on your own is hard enough, but when other people get involved and try to pressure you one way or another it can be even harder. People who are your age, like your classmates, are called peers. When they try to influence how you act, to get you to do something, its called Peer Pressure. Its something everyone has to deal with even adults. Peer Pressure is one thing that all teens have in common. You cant escape it; it is everywhere. No matter how popular you are, how well liked you may be or how together you feel, sooner or later you will have to face peer pressure. Whether it is pressure to conform to a group norm or pressure to act a certain way. People are influenced by peers because they want to fit in, be like peers they admire, do what others are doing, or have what others have. Mueller states that, â€Å"The ugly reality is that Peer Pressure reaches its greatest intensity at just the age when kids tend to be most insensitive and cruel. † Every Peer group has its own identity and which greatly depends on the personality of its members. Feller (1995), has stated that despite the differences between groups, the group members always try and influence each other. They have some conformity to common set of rules and norms, which a member must not break without being forced to leave the group. Also Peer Pressure can be either positive or negative. Pressure exerted in a positive way can help motivate you on to be the best you can be. Keeping up with the schoolwork or being more articipative in class are the traits of positive Peer Pressure exerted on you by the group. Negative Peer Pressure can make you do things you don’t want to do, like having early sex or taking drugs. It can make you feel depressed and de-motivated. â€Å"Responding to Peer Pressure is part of human nature — but some people are more likely to give in, and others are better able to resist and stand their ground. People who are low on confidence and those who tend to follow rather than lead could be more likely to seek their peers pproval by giving in to a risky challenge or suggestion. People who are unsure of themselves, new to the group, or inexperienced with peer pressure may also be more likely to give in,† (Lyness, 2006). Also Feller (1995), in his study, states that Peer Pressure can be very subtle-you may not realize its happening. Some groups use Peer Pressure as a tool to gain power over members, whereas other don’t intend to exert the pressure, they just do that naturally. According to Hardcastle, there are certain personality traits or risk factors that make you ore prone to give in to pressure. Some kids give in to Peer Pressure because of low self esteem and lack of confidence, whereas others give in to pressure because they want to be liked, to fit in, or because they feel that others would make fun of them if they don’t go along with the group. Messier, states that, â€Å"The only pressure Im under is the pressure Ive put on myself. † The idea that everyones doing it may influence some kids to leave their better judgment, or their common sense, behind.

A Christmas Carol Essay Example for Free

A Christmas Carol Essay As regrets had taken place and thoughtfulness had also entered his mind. Another place that Scrooge was brought to that night was a Christmas Eve party that Scrooges old boss had thrown and the spirit enlightens Scrooge on the fact that everybody was joyful, happy and merry and what the spirit told Scrooge was that this party must have come to three or four pounds back then and Scrooge had realised that the happiness is as such as though a fortune had provided it but this was not the case as is was not a fortune that was needed for this joy. This is Scrooges first recognition of the value of money. The Second Spirit The description of the second spirit is of a large, fat man in a robe sitting on a throne with delicious food surrounding him. Through this Dickens outlines Scrooges greedy nature in the present moment. As this spirit brings Scrooge through where he lives they see the bakers and Scrooge asks whether there is a peculiar flavour in what the spirit sprinkles from his torch and the spirit replies, There is. My own Scrooge then asks if it would apply to any kind of dinner on this day and the spirit replies, To any kindly given. To a poor one most. Scrooge asks why and the spirit tells him that the poor one needs the dinner the most. This must have made Scrooge realise that this is true and that he had not realised. Another part of this chapter that moves Scrooges feelings is when he is reminded of the evil words he has spoken from the Christmas Eve, which is, If he be like to die, he had better do it, and decrease the surplus population. The spirit says these words to Scrooge at a time where they are visiting the Bob Cratchits household. After hearing the spirits words Scrooge begins to feel remorse and shame. At this time Scrooge is feeling more and more emotional and he is also feeling sympathetic for those he has hurt during the holidays and especially for Bob Cratchit his employee after hearing the way Bob speaks of him with great respect unlike the way his wife does, Mr Scrooge! Said Bob. Ill give you Mr Scrooge, the founder of the feast! these few words tell us that Bob has recognition of the fact that the meal in front of him wouldnt be there if it wasnt for Scrooge himself. How Mrs. Cratchit speaks is different, I wish I had him here. Id give him a piece of my mind to feast upon, and I hope hed have a good appetite for it on which one drinks the health of such and odious, stingy, hard, unfeeling man as Mr Scrooge. Mrs. Cratchit obviously knows exactly how Scrooge is or maybe how he used to be. Towards the end of the second spirits time Scrooge is brought to his nephews Christmas party that Scrooge was invited to but unfortunately Scrooge had turned down his nephew to go home instead. While Scrooge is at the party he hears more of how people speak of him behind his back but this time it is his own nephew, I am sorry for him; I couldnt be angry with him if I tried. Who suffers by his ill whims? I mean to give him the same chance every year, whether he likes it or not, for I pity him. What his nephew says here must of got to Scrooge for sure. Right at the end of this paragraph there is a time at which the spirit unveils to children from his robe and he describes the little boy as ignorant and the little girl as poor. From Scrooges mouth he tries to say that the children are fine children but the words choke themselves. Scrooge cannot deny the fact that the children were not fine and had a bad personification. Just as the spirit leaves Scrooge he leaves Scrooge with the words, Are there no prisons? Are there no workhouses? which is also what Scrooge had said at his shop on Christmas Eve to a couple of charity workers. I now noticed that it was all backfiring at Scrooge all of his bad ways in the past had started coming back to him and he then gets a vision in his mind of when Marley had visited him just before the third spirit arrives to him. The Third Spirit The first glimpse of information that you gather about the third spirit is that the spirit is a phantom gliding along like mist which is as though it is taken out of a horror movie, lifting up his eyes, beheld a solemn Phantom, draped and hooded, coming like a mist along the ground towards him. This is what would make somebody very scared especially as it during the night as all of the spirits visit him within the night of Christmas Eve and Christmas Day as Marley tells Scrooge so, Expect the first tomorrow when the bell tolls One Expect the second on the night at the same hour. The third, upon the next night when the last stroke of twelve has ceased to vibrate. The description of the Phantom is that of the Grim Reaper, It was shrouded in a deep black garment, which its head, its face, its form, and left nothing of it visible. This description makes me certainly feel that this Phantom resembled death by every means of its appearance and also that this last visit had something to do with death. After a visit from Marley, the first Spirit showing past and the second showing present Scrooge was very keen on listening in carefully to the third spirit a phantom showing him his future. It is almost as if this phantom was sent last to really make Scrooge learn his lesson as it is obviously intimidating Scrooge. The phantom could have been sent to scare the last bit of hatred out of Scrooge to make him pure in his mind, Scrooge feared the silent shape so much that his legs trembled beneath him I fear you more than any spectre I have seen. Scrooge is definitely seeing this is a great privilege for him to have this phantom as you read, I know your purpose is to do me good I am prepared to bear your company The night is waning fast, and it is precious time to me. What Scrooge says in this lines that I have targeted is very assuring that he knows what is to come of himself if he does not pay attention and he especially lets us know this when he says that his time is precious and this allows us to know that Scrooge does not want to end up like Marley but wants to have a better afterlife. A dreadful place that the phantom brought Scrooge to, was a conversation involving two women that knew the late Scrooge before he died. Scrooge is brought to two women talking of Scrooges ways before there was time to change, Every person has a right to take care of themselves. He always did why wasnt he natural in his lifetime? The reason he is in italics is because this is how it is in the book and the reason for that is probably because when one of the women were talking about Scrooge they probably emphasized he very much. What they also ask about him, that why wasnt he natural shows for a moment that they could have had care for Scrooge but this isnt true for two reasons and one is because they speak of him badly the rest of the time and they had also robbed Scrooge of his goods after he died and placed them in bundles, if I could have laid my hands on anything else. Open that bundle, old Joe, and let me know the value of it. This is as if there is no care in the world for Scrooge even as though they waited for him to die just to take him for what he has. Another example of horrid speaking of Scrooge is still from the same woman saying, He frightened everyone away when he was alive, to profit us when he was dead. This shows us that it was as though they waited for his death to occur. Scrooge was realising that this is not the correct way to be thought of after dying as he says to the phantom, I see, I see. The case of this unhappy man might be my own. My life tends that way now. Merciful heaven, what is this. Scrooge almost prays there to beg for forgiveness because of the life he has led, one. These visits and more from this phantom has most definitely shown Scrooge what he is walking himself into and at the end of this chapter and the end of this phantoms visit the phantom shows Scrooge a grave with Scrooges name written upon it and Scrooge had just caught on to the fact that the man he visited that was dead was him and the women thieving the man where thieving him, Am I that man who lay upon the bed? The fact that this is a question shows us is was as though Scrooge did not want this to be true. The final assurance that Scrooge has changed is right at the end of the chapter when Scrooge says himself, I am not the man I was. I will not be the man I must have been but for this intercourse. Why show me this, if I am past hope? I will honour Christmas in my heart, and try to keep it all the year. I will live in the past, the present, and the future I will not shut out the lessons that they teach. Oh, tell me I may sponge away the writing on this stone! The reason I have written so many quotes here is because they are all valid for my point that Scrooge is begging for forgiveness for his past ways and that he promises he will changes and has changed. He begs that the gravestone is not to be his and he tells the phantom that he has had his lesson taught. I know knew that Scrooge had changed for the better and this is purely because he had been visited by the three spirits and Marley; this took time and gradually built more and more guilt into Scrooges mind and this is the main reason why Scrooge changed. Conclusion Throughout analysing the story and each individual spirit we see the growth of Scrooge. Overall Dickens has written a provoking story, in his use of spirits and flashbacks creating a drastic change within Scrooge. The reader almost feels a sense of relief at Scrooges achievement as you are confident it will be for the better. The power of making Scrooge regretful is carried out effectively. Dickens sums up the story with the last chapter The End of it sparking the idea that at the end of something there is a new beginning which is exactly what happens. Scrooges misery is brought to an end and his happiness is shared with everyone, leaving the reader to believe that it is possible for any one to change.

Review And Study On Commercial Pressures Media Essay

Review And Study On Commercial Pressures Media Essay The national press has long been the backbone of national pride. Seemingly news was one of the only sources of information about all the on going activities and current affairs stories around the world. Newspapers and television news plays a huge role in everybodys lives, to be in the know we either read the paper or watch the news. However now some may argue commercial pressure from the early 1990s have changed the outlook of news production. The primary principal of any form of commercialisation is for financial gain. Society today can seem to be more focussed on economic profitability then the quality they present. Commercialization can connote excessive advertising, ‘corruption, meaning to emphasize the profitable aspects of, especially by scarifying quality or debasing inherent mature. (Jorgensen. W. K and Hanitzsch, 2009) Authors Jorgensen and Hanitzsch also argue that commercialisation of news interferes with the publics understanding of issues as mediated by the news me dia. ‘Commercialization of news as any action intended to boost profit that interferes with a journalists or news organizations best effort to maximize public understanding of those issues and events that shape the community they claim to serve (Jorgensen. W. K and Hanitzsch, 2009). In this essay I will attempt to evaluate if and how news production changed after the 1990s, and if it was changing why was it changing. Had news surrendered to the commercial pressures? Was commercialising news beneficial for audiences or merely new production companies? Looking briefly into the history of broadcasting will help assist me into determining how news production was before the 1990s and how commercial pressures influenced the way news is being produced today. The ‘Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century. The Industrial Revolution bought the emergence of the rise in technology; industrial competition was now becoming fierce. Things were slowly beginning to change in society, aspects such as newspapers were facing rising manufacture costs and people now spending their disposable income on things of a more entertaining nature i.e. magazines. Commercializing news was the way forward in making more profit. The Industrial Revolution created news production companies now to be able to print quantities in thousands; many believe this was the point in the century when commercial aspects such as ‘Journalism as entertainment and ‘Yellow Journalism began. Thussu (2007) argues: ‘As the taxes and duties on the press were progressively reduced during the late nineteenth century, newspapers became an increasingly important commercial enterprise, thriving on sensationalist stories. ‘(Thussu, K, D.2007) The United States of America influenced news production in Britain significantly with firstly Penny Press to news shows such as ABC and Fox News. As Thussu (2007) notes: ‘The US, the home of the idea of a mass society and mass communication, could also be said to be the inventor of the infotainment industry, starting with the ‘Penny Press in the 1830s. (Thussu, K, D.2007) The ‘Penny Press, these were newspapers that were produced in the mid 19th century, it first arrived in 1833, one of the first newspapers was Benjamin Days Sun. The ‘Penny Press were newspapers that were being sold for one penny compared to other papers that were being sold for six cents. The papers appealed to a larger audience firstly because they were cheap but the articles were more about crime, murder and human based interest stories. Could we attempt to say that newspapers in early 1990s and present decided to go back to a similar style of producing news? This maybe what Gitlin (2005:51) is arguing about: ‘For a constituency being conditioned by trashy crime pamphlets, gory novels and overweight melodramas, news was simply the most exciting, most entertaining content a paper could offer, especially when it was skewed, as it invariably was in the penny press, to the most sensational stories. In fact, one might even say that the matters of the penny press invented the concept of news because it was the best way to sell their papers in an entrainment environment. (Cited in Gitlin, 2005:51) (Who has been cited in Gitlin) The 19th century saw the British newspaper take a dramatic turn, the media alongside news production become increasingly commercialised. News was now seen as a commodity, something that could turn commercial, and bring profitable advantage. Before the commercial change news production had editors focused on arguing about politics and power. However by the centurys end editors looked at writing stories for profit. Which story would bring in the most money? As Baldasty (1992: 139) notes: ‘The newspaper had emerged as a business dedicated to presenting information within the parameters of profitability. Baldasty further contends that: ‘The commercialization of news in the nineteenth century was the result of changes in three important areas of the newspaper: its finances, the vision of what the press could and should do, and the exigencies of doing to day- operations. (Baldasty, 1992:04) Looking into more closely the production of news in the UK we will begin with the British Broadcasting Company. The BBC began the broadcasting monopoly, in 1922. The BBC was primarily funded by the licensing fee. The BBC wasnt concerned with any advertisers which made it distinctively stand out as a non commercial channel. Lord Reith developed the BBC; he promoted the ‘philosophy of public service broadcasting both with television and radio. The BBC was awarded the first Royal Charter in 1927 and they began broadcasting in 1936, however in 1955 they lost its monopoly with the launch of ITV. ITV being an independent television channel, it was solely funded by advertisement, which gave the aspect of ITV being a more commercialised channel. However ITV also had to meet public-service obligations. Channel 4 was created by an Act of Parliament; it began regular broadcasts on 2 November 1982. Like the nations long-established public-service broadcaster the BBC, it had gifted broadcasting frequencies, but like ITV it doesnt receive funding from the television licence income. It is publicity owned not profit broadcaster, today all programming is financed through its commercial activities, which include the sale of on-air advertising. Although the channel was funded through advertisement the channel ‘retained and even widened the public- service ethos, particularly in relation to the provision of news and current affairs. (Thussu, K, D.2007) For this section of the essay I will be investigating why newspapers essentially became commercialised. Firstly I will look at the rise of advertising. As Thussu (2007) argues: ‘The growth of advertising- one result of industrialisation provided a major source of revenue for newspapers for newspapers in the late ninetieth century. (Thussu, K, D.2007) Advertising in the late nineteenth century had become a powerful element. Newspapers were facing financial panic and turned to advertiser for financial support. Advertisers needed publicity so they would pay newspapers to publicize their products or services in the newspaper which newspapers would charge for. The rise of advertising came into action as advertiser looked upon newspapers as the source that would bring them circulation all over the country. Newspapers were cheap however they were one of few resources that could communicate something on such a large scale. Thussu notes: ‘The global expansion of television and other media could not have been possible without the support of advertising revenue. (Thussu, K, D.2007) Advertisers wanted to use newspapers as their tool for reaching the consumers, and newspapers needed their financial input. As Baldasty observed: ‘Advertising emerged as the chief financial supporter and shaper of the press. (Baldasty, 1992:139) The rise of popular culture increasingly became a reason why newspapers had to conform to the rules of commercialisation. Popular culture can be seen as commercial culture, culture of the masses. Culture that has been severely influenced by the mass media, popular culture has seen a downgrade in aspects of literacy, reading, television, film and so much more. Newspapers needed to accept and acknowledge their new audience and the demographics. So many can argue popular culture aroused the formation of popular press. Newspapers were formed primarily for the two aspects of informing the world of important events, issues and crimes. Secondly making profit from this. Newspapers in the 1990s saw a change in the trend, a percentage of readers now wanted newspapers to be more entertaining. Baldasty noticed this as: ‘Many came to see the newspapers as a business rather than a political tool. (Baldasty.1992.p139) The readers required articles about celebrities, sport and wanted images to look at. If newspapers wanted to survive they had to give in, it would have been inevitable for them to play the game and accept the needs of their readers. Working class newspapers were now being replaced by popular newspapers such as the ‘The Daily Telegraph with ‘The Sun. Lord Northcliffe an infamous press baron took the newspaper industry by storm. He invested in declining newspapers and then turned them into more entertaining and profitable press; he detected the gap in market and knew how to gain from this. The United State saw television become as important part of their American life after World War 11, the evening news now became a regular feature in many households during the late 1940s and 1950s. As Bernhard argues: ‘The US government used television networks to sell the ideological war against communism to the American public, persuading networks to broadcast news and current affairs programmes approved by the government agencies and thus making them act as unofficial state propagandist. (Bernhard 1999) The predominant change in the nature of newspapers began will their need for financial gain, the papers began to support political parties; this was one small step towards gaining more financial help. The newspapers would write passively about the party and influence their readership. An example of this was when press baron Rupert Murdoch shared his liberal views with the readers of newspapers ‘The Sun and ‘Daily Times. Murdoch identifies himself as a libertarian, he used the newspapers to promote and highlight the left wing politics. Murdoch was also rumoured to have a close alliance with Margret Thatcher. ‘The Sun was also said to be responsible to for unexpected victory of John Mayer, in the elections 1992. Another reason why newspapers had the increase pressure to commercialise was caused due to the rise of technology. Technology has affected everything we know, news production suffered as we welcomed the internet. The internet changed the way we consumed news, we now had news 24 hours a day worldwide. There was no longer the need to walk to the corner shop to buy the paper. Technology and the internet not only changed the way news was being produced it was changing the way news was now being gathered. Mid 1990s saw news production turn to the World Wide Web, the World Wide Web was operational in the 1990s and become a phenomenon. The web was now another source used to illustrate the news stories. Things such as magazines, newspapers and television news programs all faced the dilemma to join the ever developing internet. Lasica argues: ‘News organizations and television networks built virtual newsstands carrying up-to-the-minute headlines (Lasica, 1996) Modern technology allows people to be just like a real news presenters. Mobile phones and the video function create instant coverage of news taking place anywhere around the world. News reporters are no longer efficient or accurate with the production of the latest news. In 2006 the ‘balance of power in Senate was affected in the recording from a cell phone. It was a recording on a cell phone that recorded ‘George Allens infamous ‘Maccaca comment in the mid term elections. People always are now using social networking sights to blog entries, this can seem to be very appealing to the new generation as they can just log onto the internet and read a blog. Commercial pressures such as the rise of technology created the news to no longer be quick enough on news coverage. This can be seen as one of the influential decision on why news had to change and become more commercial, to gain their audience back. Information I gathered on the 20th century informed me that we saw gradual change in the popularization of television, radio and the persuasion industry such as advertising and propaganda. This bought me to the conclusion of television news being the subject of commercialisation also being a reason for commercialisation. 1955 saw boom in television news with the arrival of ITN, Independent Television news. The growth of television is one of the vital reasons of news production i.e. newspapers becoming more commercialized. Television saw dramatic change when we switched over to digital television. This bought with it numerous channels dedicated to news. On June 1st 1980 Ted Turner introduced CNN (Cable News Network) this was a channel that produced news 24hours a day from just one click of a button. Digital television became an overnight success everybody wanted the countless number of channels however this put a major strain on newspapers. Original news shows such as the BBC news seemed to be changing aspects of it to become more appealing, Thussu argues: ‘The BBCs flagship current affairs series Panorama, broadcast since 1953 had set the standards for current affairs reporting for half a century, with a dedicated audience of up to 10million in its heyday in the late 150s. It too was shifted to a late weekend slot and its content diluted to retain steadily declining viewership. (Thussu, K, D.2007) News now contents now could be argued to be infotainment, news being a information based program that now seems o include entertainment contents to enhance viewership. Thussu notes: ‘Infotainment was deemed a necessary mechanism to connect with the rapidly fragmenting news audiences. (Thussu, K, D.2007) An example of infotainment in new was the O.J Simpson case. This case was said to be one of the most published criminal trails in American history, this trial was published all over newspapers. Time magazine published a cover of O.J Simpson; it was a mug shot of him where he appeared much darker than he actually is. This caused lots of media controversy, was he made darker in the picture to appear more threatening? However many argue this was only done to influence readers that this man was guilty and a menace, newspapers now seemed to be appearing biased, was this to gain more readership? Thaler 1992 described the ‘Simpson saga as a mega spectacle, a key in the decline of journalism (Thussu, K, D.2007) Douglas Keller distinguished: ‘For TV news, 1995 was the year of Simpson spectacle, thus making clear that the priorities of corporate journalism are infotainment and profits, merging news into entertainment and journalism into business. (Thussu, K, D.2007) All these commercial pressures combined gave me the impression that news now had become more entertainment based and had ‘dumbed down. TV news was a product of commercialization newspapers now decided to follow, by quality papers becoming more like tabloid trash. Thussu argues that newspapers now had multiple ‘storylines involving murder, sex, celebrity and race.'(Thussu, K, D.2007) I gathered quantitative content analysis from the book ‘Tabloid Tales (Sparks. C, Tulloch, J. 2000) Information was carried out on newspapers Times, Guardian and the Mirror. This was to examine the indications of how tabloidization was occurring over time. Broadsheet papers such as the Times, Guardian were compared to the Mirror a tabloid newspapers. Things that were tested were aspects such as how many fewer international news stories were present, the usage of more images and less text and lastly the increased amount of human/entertainment stories. ‘A continual decrease in the numbers, from a high of 3.7 stories per page in 1957 to a low of 0.4 per page in 1997. (Sparks. C, Tulloch, J. 2000) The Times: ‘increase in the number of photographs per page in the newspaper with a low of 0.4 in 1952 to a high of 2.1 in 1982. (Sparks. C, Tulloch, J. 2000) The Guardian: ‘Results show a steady increase from 0.5 photographs per page in 1962 to approximately 1.5 in the 1970s and early 1980s. (Sparks. C, Tulloch, J. 2000) Over the last fifteen years the Mirror has had steady increase in photographs per page. Research shows that the Times and Mirror both show: ‘1.5 pictures per page in the 1990s. ‘If we take an increase in photographs as being a reliable indication of tabloidization, then maybe this could suggest that this particular broadsheet newspaper is becoming more tabloid- like in form. (Sparks. C, Tulloch, J. 2000) Sparks and Tulloch also examined the amount of entertainment and human based stories in the newspapers. ‘The percentage of entertaining news stories has increased dramatically over this time period, from just over 6 percent 1952 to 17 percent in 1997. This can indicate to me that readers are now more interested in pubic interest stories than actual news. (Sparks. C, Tulloch, J. 2000) Competition early 1990s was increasing with new digital media and 24hours news coverage available online. News production appeared to now have the attitude of ‘give the readers/viewer what they want at any cost, even if this meant losing journalistic range of hard news stories. The early 1990s saw a new form of culture forming celebrity culture. New generations are now seemingly more obsessed with glossy magazines or newspapers that feature human biased stories or have a celebrity spread. Sothard argues: ‘Many of these young people do not read if they can avoid it, they are not interested in politics or current affairs; they do not go to opera or the theatre†¦ They are post-modern, post serious, post-literate,- and post-broadsheet, which means that the audience for serious journalism is disappearing. (Sothard, 1997) When society decided to change, news production had to conform or lose business. News can be argued to be losing its value and no longer having hard news stories that once a public loved to read. Sadly however news like everything else in this world is a profitable business where the main concern is financial gain. The news is only giving you what you want. Commercial pressures such as technology, popular celebrity culture and a new dumbed down market created a new outlook for news production. News can be looked at as less informative, tasteless and more focussed on entertainment than political concerns. However were we the public and the readership not to blame for this? Bibliography: 1. Baldasty, j. G. (1992), The commercialization of news in the nineteenth century. London: The university of Wisconsin Press. 2. Dahlgren, P and Sparks, C. (1992) Journalism and the popular culture. London: SAGE publications. 3. Jorgensen. W. K and Hanitzsch, T. (2009), The handbook of journalism studies. Oxon: Routledge. 4. Sparks, C and Tulloch, J. (2000) Tabloid Tales. Boston Way: Rowman Littlefield Publishers 5. Thussu, K, D. (2007) News as entertainment. London: SAGE publications. 6. Www.questia.com/googlescholar.qst?docld=5000599873 7. www.philiphodgett.com/2009/07/31/how-has-technology-changed-news-reporting. 8. http://onlinejournal.com/artman/publish/article_4654.shtml

Love :: essays research papers

Love is the most important aspect of human life as we know it. The reasons are because it is one of the only things that can not be bought with any amount of money so it makes it a very scarce resource. If love would have a price tag it would be for an infinite amount of dollars, pounds, or even pesos. Some people live their whole life looking for a " true love" some are lucky and find it. Some live their life la vida loca and have never found the time to find a true love. Others get tired of waiting and get married without love. Love has not changed at all over the course of history and this makes it the most important emotion in the human mind, body and soul. Over time the definition of love and what it is has been debated and argued over, but in most cases the answer is very similar. "True love is like two rivers that meet and merge, intertwining completely into one, then flowing on together. True love cannot be buried; but once unselfishly rooted it will grow forever." Quote on quote true love does exist but unfortunately is not found by all. During Plato and Socrates years it was harder to make a clear definition of love due to the fact that most people didn't have a chance to find their perfect match. Due to the politics involved in arranged marriages people didn't have a good chance to meet the person of their dreams and whom they really loved. This gave some sour views of love and the concept of true love. The lower class in the early days was the luckiest class of that time period because they had a chance to seek out the person they wanted to be with because it wasn't important if a merchants' son married a farmers' daughter, but if a prince fell in love with a farmers' daughter the chance of them being able to be together was impossible. 1 Anonymous www.home.talkcity.com/MoshPitWay/wrenwren1/quotes.html 9/25/00 12:22AM. Plato completely understood love and this is why he never got married. He was a great philosopher and communicated and learned from of great philosophers ex. Socrates and Aristotle. Plato believed that love got people hooked and got them to do abnormal things. "Love is a serious mental disease." and then he goes on to say "Love is the joy of the good, the wonder of the wise, the amazement of the gods.

Seeing Ourselves: An Analysis of Ideology and Fantasy in Popular Advert

Seeing Ourselves: An Analysis of Ideology and Fantasy in Popular Advertising In the arena of advertising in modern Western society, the consumer can become numb from over-saturation. Advertising stretches over all forms of media, with independence that critic Judith Williamson says intentionally reflects our own human reality (Lord, 263). Advertising becomes a natural presence for consumers; it overwhelms us until we stop trying to understand and decode the images and slogans presented to us. In "The Rhetoric of the Image", critic Roland Barthes uses particular advertising images as dissection models to systematically extract the meaning of cultural codes. In her essay "Decoding Advertisements", Judith Williamson discusses the self-reflective advertising system that assigns human values to products to promote the purchasing of these products to satisfy a non-material need. Advertising, in effect, sells us ourselves, or at least what we would like ourselves to be (264). The combined theories of Barthes and Williamson are a solid springboard in discussing two a dvertisements: one in print and one in the medium of television. The print advertisement is for a men's cologne called "Romance". The magazine ad features a black and white photo of a man holding a woman as she bends backwards, careening almost to the point of falling off of a tire swing. The second ad is a thirty second "spot" depicting three young teenage girls who flirtatiously use their Coca Cola cards to get "free stuff" from a surprised (albeit pleased) male clerk. In both ads, beyond the surface of the initial message there resides a somewhat disturbing subtext of sexism, male dominance, and male fantasy. In order to sell their products, Ralph Lauren and Coca Cola ... ...d titillate. The old expression is "sex sells" but what really sells is male dominated sexual fantasy. This is not to say that all advertisements are sexist, or sexist against only women, but it is to say that in many ads what may seem like a simple image of "romance" or a fun trip to the store is really an entire structure of meaning. Roland Barthes and Judith Williamson employ almost scientific methods to extract rhetoric from advertising images but even their methods are not foolproof. The structure of meaning in an advertisement will vary upon the person perceiving it. The important thing is to recognize common dominant ideologies in ads, and the values that advertisements want us to desire and attain through their product. If we must buy into ourselves, we should at least make an informed decision before we accept and pay for ideology which is not our own.

Antigone :: essays research papers

Justice is a word we hear today all the time. Left and right we hear of judges and citizens demanding justice. Is justice always the right way? It seems that justice is not always the correct solution to a problem, but a solution that is the easiest to make. The classic play Antigone is a perfect example of this. Antigone is classic tragedy at its finest. A simple civilized and humane right of burying a loved one is turned into a great loss. Creon’s inapt decision to hold his power and sentence Antigone to death causes him to lose the people he loves most. The â€Å"justice† of the play is simply Creon’s punishment for his cruelty to Antigone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Antigone learns that no one is to bury her brother, she immediately knows what she must do. She doesn’t even hesitate to her decision and she is fully willing to face the consequences to do what is right. She believes that what she is doing is just a humane right and she’s willing to die for what she believes in. She even tells Creon that what he’s doing is against what the gods wanted and that his laws were worthless. She states: â€Å"Not through dread of any human pride could I answer to the gods for breaking these.† It seems that gods are almost speaking to Creon through Antigone and warning him of his decision.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Antigone is almost hailed to a god like status, as Oedipus was before her. She is extremely strong and unbelievably willing to sacrifice everything in the name of honor and pride. She so easily makes her decisions and chooses to die willingly without a second thought. The minute Creon questions her on breaking the law, she states: â€Å"Die I must, -I knew that well (how should I not?)-even without thy edicts.† What is even more is that Antigone was a woman, a woman in a time of extreme male domination. This makes her even stronger of a person in the play and shows the growing strength of the gender that we know of today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The blind sear once again plays the roll of an extremely reliable, but ignored person. He warns Creon of his terrible mistake but when Creon goes to change his wrongs, he finds out its too late. Creon is given more than enough warnings of his fate as Antigone states in the play: â€Å"And if my present deeds are foolish in thy sight, it may be that a foolish judge arraigns my folly.

Gamer: violent video games Essay

Everyone nowadays plays video games. From kids to adults, we all go through the phase of video games. Some are violent others aren’t. So which ones are good for you and which aren’t? Well I believe that video games in general are just games. They do not harm anything or anyone. Violent video games do not cause violent behavior. Just because you go around shooting people on a television doesn’t mean your going to run around the street killing people. This misconception is often misunderstood. It’s just a game. Your sitting next to your television pushing buttons on a controller. Let’s say your playing a violent war game like Medal Of Honor. This game is based off of World War One and World War Two. Of course there is a lot of killing involved, but during a war isn’t that what you expect? Besides the whole killing factor I personally believe that these kinds of games are benefitial. You get to learn what weapons were using during that time period, you learn key events, and most of all you get a historical background of the time period covered. To me this is a unique way of learning. The younger generation tend to play war-like games, which in my opinion is really good. Young kids like shooting and action, but what they don’t know is that they are actually getting more than just that. They are learning what made the United States today. People often look past all those details and just argue that violent video games cause violent behavior, but I am at disbelief. Another reason why I think violent video games don’t contribute to violent behavior is because there is actually no scientific proof. There is no proof out there that violent games cause violent behavior. So what’s wrong with a little bit of machine gun action? Nothing. Nothing at all. In fact some studies show that violent video games actually help with stress and help you relax. Lets say your coming home from work and you had a miserable day. Your boss made you angry because he made you stay late. So you turn on your video game system when you get home ,and decide to shoot some people in the game to help you deal with your stupid boss. So instead of fighting your boss you get to take it out in the video game. It helps you meditate and get your feelings out in an unrealistic envirnment. It’s just too much fun. Who wouldn’t want to run around in a game and blow stuff up? I mean it’s not like I can just go down the street to the store and ask if I could purchase an rpg. Violent video games don’t affect people that way. Ask someone next time, what is the difference between a violent video game and a violent movie? There is none. Only difference is in a video game you have more control than a movie. More control is more fun, and more fun is always good. Just think about how many people just purchased the new GTA 5. That game is probably the most violent game ever produced, and yet people are still staying sane. In my opinion, violent video games have nothing to contribute to violent behavior. Violent behavior is adopted from real violent experiences or encounters. If someone wants to go run down a street and kill someone they will. A video game does not determine that, and never will. We have plenty of pshycos in this world to worry about some video games. Let the people who want to play them. play them. Violent or not at the end of the day it’s just a game.

Learning Styles Essay

There argon triple different types of erudition styles. By winning a learning styles quiz, I instal out that I am an auditive learner. This means I do better learning by looking and key outening. straight off d gooding that I am an auditory learner I great deal burst newly techniques that volition care me be more advertent and I locoweed expand myself as a learner.First, discovering new techniques as an auditory learner to be more attentive is easy. I was not surprised when I saw the list of usual things auditory learns do. I felt as if the learning style I was assigned to fit me perfectly. I am one who go forth hum or talk to themselves or others when bored, acquire friendship by version obstreperously, or mock up where they crowd out hear but selectnt pay direction to what is happening in front. These are all things I do daily without even thinking conterminously it.For example, every morning in my beginning period history class I will be typing the not es my instructor writes on the board but as well working on other provision or looking things up. I need not to see what my teacher is doing. If vertical keep my ears open and listen, I accept I comprehend just as well as someone who sits in the front row and has all their attention foc employ on the teacher. I know that I am automatically insubordinate to already doing some of these techniques, but I also know there are more tips that I can check in my daily life to set ahead myself for my future.Next, expanding myself as an auditory learner can greatly help me in the near future. I can accommodate a better adaptation by reading aloud as much as I can. Hearing myself say things aloud will help me remember a lot better than silent reading to myself. I can also become a better writer by repeating things after I generate write them down on paper. If I read what I pretend written aloud, I will get a better view on if the reclaim words are being used correctly in that spec ific sentence. as well I will get to hear if that sentence, paragraph, or even full attempt sounds like Im doing well and staying on track. I tend to slide off subject sometimes, so I know that verbal repetition will be helpful for any future school courses or even scholarships that I will need to write essays for. verbalisation is the key and in my situation conditioned my key factor is going to help me expand my study skills and comprehension in school.All in all, I have become aware of what different changes I can make for myself. Taking the learning styles quiz and realizing that I am an auditory learner helped me realize how I can better myself throughout my learning years. I can discover new techniques that will help me be more attentive and I can expand myself as a learner and for that I am grateful.

The Human Brain and Philosophy

As early as the 70s science had established legal right brain superiority at performing visual wired and spatial tasks, such as drawing three-dimensional shapes, and lower left brain specialization for language, speech, logical and problem solving. (Gazzaniga,1996). By 2005, Gazzaniga said scientific scientific research has proved that the brain could insists on created belief. He bou said research findings tend to show that the left-hemisphere best interpreter is not only a master of belief creation, but it will stick to its belief central system no matter what.It may want to how find out more about their identification and would be good for anyone whos interested in narrative knowing more regarding the mind.Philosophy of the rationalist schools of thought expounded extensively on how we empty can perceive truths: through experience or by reason, and/or a particular combination of both. (Empiricism, Rationalism, or a mix of chorus both thinking. ) The dialogue ranged from the po int that same reason determines knowledge to the extreme position that good reason is the unique path to knowledge.Brain and Philosophy 2 But going even further back to more ancient philosophy, Socrates expounded long ago on the Greek belief how that the soul had an irrational and a rational side, logical and that the ideal would be to develop the rational dominating the irrational.Its divided into sections.

natural Philosophy tries to make sense out of everything, using argument or reason — and experience, but as Socrates seemed to have proved angeles long ago, we always ended up in the inquiry where we began.Ultimately what common important source all these arguments come from is clearly the brain itself, whose physiology logical and functions are magnificently being unraveled by science. Ironically celebrated Gazzaniga seemed to be also warning us deeds that what inhibits the unraveling is right there in our best brains too, in the left hemisphere which resists the much inconvenience of new findings that challenge our long held beliefs. .That means you would love to earn a mathematical model mind or perhaps to frighten your acquaintances.Retrieved October 15, 2008 http://pegasus. cc. ucf. edu/~fle/gazzaniga.The muscles of expression let you demonstrate your emotions.

Retrieved October 15,2008 from http://www. press. uchicago. edu/Misc/Chicago/1932594019.It will help to get a feeling of humor if youre most likely to write about God.If youre crippled by the idea it is causality click all the way back, youve essentially made a choice to own make no decisions.A toothpicks conclusion ought to be inside the brainstem and the one connected to the cerebellum.

The system is composed of many structures that contribute to the parallel processing of memory and smell and manage a large assortment of emotions.Thus the idea is challenging.Because, to be able to same make a digital consciousness, it is going to be essential to have a better comprehension of national consciousness that is biological scientific efforts are greatly reliant upon the insights.The research demonstrates deeds that in the event the geometry is interrupted or if part of the own mind doesnt grow correctly, we might not have the folds at the correct place, which may result in dysfunction in the brain, the authors mentioned.

Esperanza of The House on Mango Street Essay

The base on mango road focusing is a assemblage of musings of a raw female person foundd Esperanza. The chief(prenominal) ack straightledgment and the style of the stories is revealed in the premier(prenominal) explanation. It is in The signaling on mango tree focal point that Sandra Cisnero sets Esperanza up as a green girlfriendfriend pipe dream of a brighter prox and provided floor on the factualities of her situation. The scratch romance introduces Esperanza as soul who plans on escaping the tush w here(predicate) she is ontogenesis up.She is centenarian ample to recognise that the promises of her p atomic number 18nts near the temporariness of their theater atomic number 18 non deviation to be execute all conviction soon. She is, however, little exuberant to see that physically exit mango tree bridle-path bequeath suppose a fill in pull out from the things that mango tree way and their put forward represent. The youthfulness of Esperanza is shown in Hairs where she describes her family and herself with a verbal description of the pillowcase of cop all(prenominal) had. She tells some tacit human macrocosmnesss soothe by her gets battlefront beside her in their bed.It is as well as in this story that unrivalled understands Esperanzas face-to-faceity. She is free-spirited and hard to tame, the fatality her vibrissa. hardly she is clear in the function of maturation into a muliebrity as she expresses her emotions for her captures pig the hair of a unfeignedly ladylike cleaning lady. Esperanza is shown here to be in the transitional diaphragm of growing from a infant into a slay lady. She close to belike would be in her adolescent years. The randy and personal exploitation of Esperanza is too seen in My Name.When she speaks of non scatty to be like her nanna a woman beside the window, trap she shows that she is already undecided of decision making for herself the f uture(a) she wants to lay down. She as well shows her companionship virtually the out-of-door world when she speaks of the Chinese polish and its manage suit equal to(p) similarities with the Mexi tin civilization. She as well shows a deeper intellect of familiarity when she explains how Chinese subtlety and Mexi dirty dog culture do non want their women steadfast which is wherefore they do not break away them affectionate names.Her book of facts to women be inhibit and unploughed from being warm also shows that she is advised of this bias. She is clearly growing emotionally because she canful make up for herself judgments or so the things that happen in the hostel she lives in. In this stir up of the stories, My Name, Esperanza demonstrates education from being the little girl who dreams of escaping her rest home because she wants much than set to the teenage who wants mixture because she no nightlong agrees with the things or so her. She wants to change her name press that it does not touch on to the real her.She wants a flavor that is unlike from her granny knots. The aspirations of Esperanza in this relegate hire highly-developed. From a support with to a greater extent bedrooms and bathrooms, Esperanza instantly aspires for more precis concepts independence, choice, freedom. In the terminal move of the stories, Esperanza seems to support in the long run developed into a wiser and more applicative woman. She realizes that escaping mango lane is not something she can do physically for the moment. She decides to salvage quite. This allows her sackful from the frustrations she feels for the status she lives in.Esperanza understands instantly that mango tree lane is a department of her action and willing relate to be so level(p) later on she parts it. She seems to fork over make mollification with herself and instead of continually laborious to run for a way out, she instantaneously focuses on slipway to improve herself. This is, harmonise to her, the way to in the long run be able to leave mango passage. Her recognition is seen when she states that sole(prenominal) in difference mango tree Street, up herself someplace else, and access stick out to mango tree Street can she actually be able to succor those who do not have the energy to leave.Her goals are now realigned to overwhelm those in her community. Esperanza completes her journey from puerility to three-year-old adulthood in the pages of The tolerate on mango tree Street. She forms a clearer notion of who she genuinely is through with(predicate) her experiences in her mansion house and grows emotionally as well. The maturity of Esperanza is seen not solely in her thoughts exclusively in the observations she has do from her neighborhood. She has learned from the lives of those around her and has magnanimous from the lessons she gathered.

Fitzgerald’s use of diction in The Great Gatsby Essay

The enceinte Gatsby, pen by F. Scott Fitzgerald, substance ab drills a special(prenominal) pickaxe of oral communication on with natural extract of head to devise the casefuls of turkey cock Buchanan and myrtle Wilson. This search ordain marshal specialized object lessons that compare to Fitzgeralds part of expression and points.Although this handing over does non underscore on tomcat Buchanan, his acknowledgment is soften finished the intake of literary techniques. tom turkeys office speaks leash multiplication during the carry of this scene, and each(prenominal) lead times his rowing furbish up him punishing as if he is superior to e really matchless. Its a bitch, utter turkey cock decisively. here(predicate)s your silver. Go and deprave 10 more than(prenominal) traverses with it. (Page 28) In this quote, expression and a dot pick of run-in is unpatterned with the part of the record book decisively. exploitation this up starts gravel kayoeds the judgment that tomcat is dictatorial and com manding. This reference book to a fault operates as an fashion model of gobblers mannerisms passim the novel. He speaks to an ancient somebody with disdain by congress him that he is upon and that he should deprave hug drug more tracks with the money he gives him.A collimate dirty drop back similarly be force amongst myrtle and the dog in that he looks at the dog in the akin compass point of immenseness as myrtle. turkey cocks insufficiency of patience green goddess in addition be seen in his render to the anile mans answer. an separate(prenominal) quotation, which serves to explode tom turkeys superiority over others in the novel, is when break off tries to leave alone gobbler and myrtle. No you wear downt, turkey cock interposed quickly. myrtlell be suffer if you wear offt get on up to the apartment. wint you, myrtle? (Page 28) withal over again, this reference serv es to shew tom turkeys coercive functionlity. much specifically, he answers for myrtle as if she couldnt shoot answered herself.As a import of Fitzgeralds wakeless give of style and newsworthiness choice, the modulation is suitable to efficaciously demote gobblers flake. turkey cocks push around and strong-arm persona is boost deepen in this enactment finished the proof of his gestures and dialogue. Although turkey cock does not pass a major affair in the selected conversion, his persona is majusculely determine finished the scratchs apply of delivery. more than of this chapter is sacred to the augmentation of myrtles typeface. The source gives mental imagery, dialogue, and phrase to wee-wee her personality. The use of imagery is seen in the beginning of the race She had changed her groom to a brown figure muslin, which stretched tightly fitting over her preferably bulky hips(Page 26) myrtles actions besides piss a bay window to judge closely her character. An example was when she permit tetrad taxicabs grow external forrader she selected a new one. (Page 27) This suit of style serves to argumentation her current vitality-style of world marry to a brusk and enceinte works store man. Is it a son or a girl? she asked delicately. (Page 28) This citation from the characterization builds onto myrtles painful side. It as well shows that she cares intimately the idle sides to life and is very materialistic.Mrs. Wilson pull together up her dog and other purchases, and went haughtily in. (Page 28) This quote, along with many other(prenominal) others do in this alternative make great use of adverbs to give the character of Mrs. Wilson. The use of the raillery haughtily adds to the positive character that she displays. This again contrasts her original life style and evinces her double personality. other adverbs that were employ in this passage to restrict myrtle were eagerly, ent husiastically, delicately, and earnestly. all(prenominal) of these adverbs in one sentience or another modify Mrs. Wilsons actions and character. Accordingly, the actors language uses imagery, adverbs, and actions that create her compulsory and severalize personality.In conclusion, F. Scott Fitzgerald effectively utilise phrasing and pickaxe of detail to develop the characters of tom turkey Buchanan and Myrtle Wilson. He did this by victimization unlike literary techniques and part of linguistic process to emphasize the characters personality. For example, he uses imagery, irony, adverbs, dialogue, actions, adjectives, and mannerisms to append out the haughtiness of Myrtle and impassibility of tomcat Buchanan. Thus, the power aright uses diction and selection of detail to serve the exercise of ontogeny the characters of Mrs. Wilson and gobbler Buchanan.

Ability to learn is affected by the classroom environment

The bodily milieu of a class live explains a stack near the let onlooks of a teacher towards their inform-age childs ( Konza, Grainger A Bradshaw, 2001 ) . forrader a savant begins c tot in solelyy(a) in oning in effect they essential be provided with a prophylactic, domineering and confirmative feat civilization. In rejoinder provide under guide on beat agitate and p arnt sk milk-sick capablenesss. A scholarly person s focusing is bear on by the undermenti singled defecates of the class get on environs f ominous of contortise frame st prowess, character reference of ex adeptrateding, hindrance distri unlessor bloom, room provocationature, kinsperson coat and ornament.A classrooms clump of semblance corporeal collisions exceedingly on savants hoof it uping. plastered blazons employ on the w eachs of the classroom realise two(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) healthy and sp crudet checks strikeing educatee developing. body fluid is a apt(p) view of get a lineing inwardly a classroom. A sh do on-age child who is in a nifty conciliate and purlieu by diverses in a unassailable biliousness ordain sample to adopt and address in oft than than from their lessons. Where as a educatee who is in a rotten soften and encircled by near others in a harmful excit capacity go pop out be loth to evolve and essay distr escape on. Konza, Grainger A Bradshaw s, ( 2001 ) look into proves the colorize orange, yel mortified, green, and vindicated forbidding utilize in classrooms give a cheerful, clubable surroundings with minimal ill get out and annoyance. In bring forth appropriate for bookmans to amplification the function of culture and winning into custody for acquireing. im liable(p) to the dull, white, brownished and scorch colorss use in a classroom that builds a non- stimulant nor creative surroundings. at that perspective from colour itself is a exact wad in promoting homelike and in effect(p) scholarship. wherefore the nibble of food colour hearty when utilizing in a classroom puting demands to be communicate as it dazes super on a disciple s conciliate and in proceeds affects their fol pooring abilities. honest is other(prenominal) build up that clashs on a student get a lineing. On a periodical beachhead the give command dayroom encounters much a(prenominal) sums and contrastive pillowcases of hindrance and backside bunk from classroom treatments, range perturbation, conversations and music. nonetheless fen ( 2008 ) states that sounds argon tot each(prenominal)y(a) rough us, even so when sounds atomic number 18 unsuitable they ar redeem as fray . In put to plump up savants ar subjected to conversations end-to-end their xxiv hours, if non by the teacher, tho themselves and other equals. The gun brain of inconstant quantity illegiti mate enterprise entrust trade oer depending on scenes a estimable deal(prenominal) as the distinction amidst libraries to stratagem categories. all(prenominal) classroom has understate mental dis roll much(prenominal) as fans, airing, treatments and conversations which is bill in dBs as BNL ( mount hoo-hah details ) . fenland ( 2008 ) . A teacher derriere crack on understandably in a cool off piece when the BNL rises to 35dB, render a near and cosy ambiance. A standard piece volition impart reliable every pot a BNL of 40dB where larning squeezes its pinnacle as culture and mastery manual grass be delivered and hear all the way. hostile to anything oer 45dB or 50 dubnium where a teacher or disciple essential let loose actually obstreperously which in grant sewer do beguilement, annoyance, vehemence and tiredness ( fenland, 2008 ) . collect to the fortunes of creation subjected to a potpourri of polar stages of affray at bott om a classroom, students feces form amidst efficacious scholarship and aside. This cl earliest outlines the grandeur of preventative phase in the classroom and its personal effect on financial statement. in that respect is much enquiry thousand establish on the personal effects of mob sizing of it that is redeem to be contradictory, whether it wedges on disciples officiates or non. yet in that location argon umteen an(prenominal) analyze s that do place the import of division surface and its stupor on learner larning. much(prenominal)(prenominal) as, Larkin, ( 2004 ) who states that by swerve drink trim phratry sizing, especially for the jr. kids, allow think of a unconditional emergence on disciple deceasement . In reservation so ordain shit fracture teacher student relationships which leave behind key out their pose towards larning and let out their focusing. The res publica regime had interpreted bodily process to trim subject grade surface of its for simile un apply conspiracy Wales had aimed to use kinfolk sizings ever-changing from 20 to 24 learners in the starting signal ternion approximatelytime(a) ages of civilise for all responsibility indoctrinates by 2007.fenland ( 2008 ) . The indoctrinatechilds indoors these classrooms ordain taste the contingency to get ahead to a greater extent(prenominal) of the teacher s rationalize, tending and program line. Leting for more one- on- one program line to beget topographicalal spot in the classroom and crop and attend for inquiries and replies that allow for provoke scholar lore and founder their assertion. preferably than, the scholarly persons creation subjected to hulky mob surface where the teacher scrapes to triumph into the demands of all his or her students. In devolve go forthing the scholarly persons troubled, unconfident and gear up out towards their teacher, teaching an d in left everyplace(p) instruction itself. ground on the synthetic thinking of Course, Minus, A Passing. ( 2008 ) that picayune categories in the premature classs vex founder surroundingss for students and these ar great the extended the schoolchilds atomic number 18 undetermined to the littler categories. delinquent to the outlet of scholar transaction displayed in the administration s actions to baffle little social class sizings, it is straight off more of antecedency in spite of appearance schools to yarn-dye on the instruction and puzzle out towards little categories as it is flip junket to be conquestful. ground on governance events and theoreticians, the supremacy of the exit to little categories is sketching the signification course of study size has on scholar encyclopaedism.When standard the schoolroom purlieu, gentleature is a unfavorable perform as it put forward regard disciple s doings and in croak their facultyiness to take on experience. marsh ( 2008 ) states that popular ace would forecast that thither is a slightly control spirit of humorature mount in which school learners efficiency be evaluate to call on at their soaring hat . She explains that soaring offenseatures give the bounce do well-nigh schoolchilds to be vexing and ill-fitting and in outcome instances both unenrgetic and nauseating. equally sober as frigorific temperatures that may gutteralise out hostility and prejudicial demeanor in nigh scholarly persons at heart the schoolroom. The temperature of a schoolroom post be neutered done the exercise and public presentation of osculating pileus fans, inunct and bobble laid-off warmers and air-conditioning. marshland ( 2008 ) . It is the commerce of the teacher to be witting of the possibilities of temperature stress if to a fault soaring or low temperatures win and gear up their activities consequently. Temperature is a vituperative panorama on the schoolroom purlieu. It potnister arise how a student feels and in sink their lieu to school and instruction. and so temperature has hefty doctor on a scholar s might to larn easily and expeditiously.A pupil s mogul to larn is exceedingly bear upon by the pretends of the schoolroom surroundings. Students go to school to be enlightened and this instruction support be manipulated by some another(prenominal) factors that inhabit at heart the schoolroom. accordingly unchanging regeneration and assessment of schoolrooms is necessary to cover that there is an plus of adapted and hard-hitting education taking topographic send without mismanagement and hurt. By look foring and admiting that the schoolroom surroundings has more forms to it much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as hook of transplant signifi endt, stagecoach of commotion, course of study size and temperature that all impact on how a pupil learns and their readiness to larn. The school and instructors posterior spend a penny in concert to confuse a homy skill environment to compel the learnedness demands of pupils. great power to learn is modify by the classroom environment The strong-arm environment of a schoolroom explains a visual modality about the outlooks of a instructor towards their pupils ( Konza, Grainger A Bradshaw, 2001 ) . onward a pupil begins larning in effect they must(prenominal) be provided with a safe, authoritative and ancillary learning civilization. In drive away leave behind skim downward(a) struggle and resurrect acquisition capablenesss. A pupil s instruction is bear on by the following(prenominal) constructs of the schoolroom environment smack of food colouring material, type of lighting, racket degree, room temperature, stratum size and ornament.A classrooms gazump of alter material impacts super on pupils larning. certain(p) colorss use on the walls of the schoolroom constitute both dandy and regretful tempers impacting pupil larning. temper is a pertinent panorama of larning inwardly a schoolroom. A pupil who is in a impregnable temper and environment by others in a costly temper straighten out on set about to larn and take in more from their lessons. Where as a pupil who is in a unsuitable temper and touch by others in a bad temper pull up stakes be loth to larn and seek distraction. Konza, Grainger A Bradshaw s, ( 2001 ) interrogation proves the colors orange, yellow, green, and light regretful utilize in schoolrooms create a cheerful, extroverted environment with minimal ill forget and annoyance. In lam allow for pupils to cast up the ingestion of nurture and judgment for larning. foreign to the dull, white, brown and pitch-black colorss used in a schoolroom that creates a non- bear upon nor plenteous environment. thusly colour itself is a searing persona in promoting cosy and useful acquisi tion. accordingly the pick of colorize material when utilizing in a schoolroom puting demands to be communicate as it impacts passing on a pupil s temper and in bring to affects their learning abilities. enunciate is another construct that impacts on a pupil larning. On a day-to-day cornerstone the schoolroom encounters many sums and different types of hitch and bear represent from schoolroom treatments, soil ruffle, conversations and music. besides fenland ( 2008 ) states that sounds argon all rough us, thus far when sounds argon unwelcome they atomic number 18 save as intervention . In order to larn pupils are subjected to conversations end-to-end their cardinal hours, if non by the instructor, but themselves and other equals. The degree of variable hoo-hah allow for change depending on scenes such as the oddment amid libraries to art categories. either schoolroom has basis kerfuffle such as fans, airing, treatments and conversations which is timber in dBs as BNL ( background signal noise degrees ) . fenland ( 2008 ) . A instructor end pass on clear in a low-keyed interpreter when the BNL rises to 35dB, preparation a safe and prosperous ambiance. A shape function pull up stakes expatriation salutary over a BNL of 40dB where larning takes its extreme as reading and instruction manual back end be delivered and hear clearly. unlike to anything over 45dB or 50 dubnium where a instructor or pupil must splatter actually forte which in light fag do distraction, annoyance, accent mark and weariness ( Marsh, 2008 ) . ascribable to the fortunes of universe subjected to a mixed bag of different degrees of noise at heart a schoolroom, pupils endure change between efficacious acquisition and aside. This clearly outlines the brilliance of noise degree in the schoolroom and its effects on instruction. in that location is much research causa base on the effects of course of instruction size that is ransomed to be contradictory, whether it impacts on pupils accomplishments or non. yet there are many plenty s that do place the signification of course of study size and its impact on pupil larning. such(prenominal) as, Larkin, ( 2004 ) who states that by supply pour down course of study size, curiously for the younger kids, depart endure a arbitrary resultant role on pupil accomplishment . In present so allow for construct wagerer instructor pupil relationships which entrust break their berth towards larning and break-dance their instruction. The state of matter government activity had interpreted action to trim down kinsperson sizes for parable radical entropy Wales had aimed to take up kinfolk sizes changing from 20 to 24 pupils in the world-class triad aged ages of schooling for all obligation schools by 2007.Marsh ( 2008 ) . The pupils at bottom these schoolrooms ordain withstand the view to educe more of the instructor s clip, be and instruction. L eting for more one- on- one instruction to take topographic point in the schoolroom and clip and attending for inquiries and replies that will recruit pupil cognition and demote their instruction. kinda than, the pupils organism subjected to tolerant folk size where the instructor struggles to sound into the demands of all his or her pupils. In retort go forthing the pupils troubled, unconfident and shrewd towards their instructor, schooling and in grotesque instruction itself. establish on the subtraction of Course, Minus, A Passing. ( 2008 ) that little categories in the early classs chip in break down environments for pupils and these are greater the seven-day the pupils are receptive to the smaller categories. payable to the consequence of pupil accomplishment displayed in the regimen s actions to make smaller syndicate sizes, it is like a shot more of priority at heart schools to move on the training and work towards smaller categories as it is turn sasha y to be successful. base on authorities consequences and theoreticians, the success of the line of achievement to smaller categories is sketching the meaning course of instruction size has on pupil acquisition.When measuring the schoolroom environment, temperature is a circumstantial construct as it mint impact pupil s mien and in double back their magnate to take on cognition. Marsh ( 2008 ) states that habitual sense would target that there is a fair restrict temperature oscilloscope in which school pupils might be expect to work at their exceed . She explains that eminent temperatures give the gate do some pupils to be pestiferous and disquieting and in utmost(a) instances both unenrgetic and nauseating. every bit good as shabby temperatures that may let out infringement and interdict behavior in some pupils within the schoolroom. The temperature of a schoolroom can be change through with(predicate) the drill and consummation of osculating roof fans , oil and gun for hire pink-slipped warmers and air-conditioning. Marsh ( 2008 ) . It is the trading of the instructor to be advised of the possibilities of temperature dialect if as well high or low temperatures brave and set their activities consequently. Temperature is a captious facial expression on the schoolroom environment. It can change how a pupil feels and in income tax return their attitude to school and instruction. wherefore temperature has tidy impact on a pupil s aptitude to larn easily and expeditiously.A pupil s might to larn is extremely moved(p) by the constructs of the schoolroom environment. Students go to school to be educated and this instruction can be manipulated by many factors that pull through within the schoolroom. wherefore steadfast variation and assessment of schoolrooms is demand to assure that there is an asset of enough and impressive acquisition taking topographic point without distraction and hurt. By researching and adm iting that the schoolroom environment has many constructs to it such as pick of coloring material, degree of noise, category size and temperature that all impact on how a pupil learns and their ability to larn. The school and instructors can work together to make a comfy acquisition environment to take hold the acquisition demands of pupils.